Blogging

 




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Substack masterclass

 




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Happy Veteran's day

and happy 248th birthday to my fellow US Marines

Semper Fidelis

Image by my daughter 💕

#semperfi #veterans #veteransday #usmc #military





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Blogging

 







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Herreshoff

 




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Dlaczego informatyk miałby być zainteresowany nauką kaligrafii?

Original article in English:

https://medium.com/@ukidlucas/




Wyobraź sobie, że siedzisz na spotkaniu.

Po drugiej stronie biurka siedzi wice-prezydent twojego klienta.

Wice-prezydent wyjaśnia problemy swojej firmy.

Twarze dyrektorów, rozsianych po sali, wskazują na szereg emocji, począwszy od:

- „Nie jestem pewien, po co nam ten zespół konsultantów”,

do wyzywającego

- „Nie dbam, nie będę zawracać sobie głowy!”.




Ty i kilku twoich współpracowników pilnie piszecie notatki.




Co sobie wyobraziłeś?




Prawdopodobnie laptopy otwarte się z ekranem oddzielającym przestrzeń i klik, klik, klik – stukanie palców na klawiaturze.

Nie w mojej drużynie!

Kierując zespołami technologicznymi od paru-kilkudziesięciu lat, zawsze uczę moich współpracowników, aby zostawiali laptopy w torbach i wyjmowali żółty notatnik oraz długopis – a najlepiej pióro wieczne.

Żółty?!? To dlatego, że ten kolor wywołuje określone reakcje psychologiczne, ale ten artykuł nie jest o kolorach.




Nie chcesz, aby ten dyrektor zastanawiał się, co piszesz, lub czy w ogóle zwracasz uwagę.

Nie chcesz żadnych barier między wami.




Potrzebujesz wyraźnie widocznych i schludnych notatek, które reprezentują jasność umysłu.




Przewiń do współczesności.




Nadal robię mnóstwo pisemnych notatek, i przez cały czas wypróbowałem niezliczone aplikacje do przekształcanie ręcznego no komputer, bez większych rezultatów.




Ostatnio w restauracji użyłem funkcji „obiektywu” aparatu w telefonie Google do zeskanowania drukowanego, ale kursywą pisma. 100% sukces! Nagle zdałem sobie sprawę, że to moje własne pismo z ósmej klasy nie było wystarczająco wyraźne. Poszedłem na misję, aby to poprawić.




Zrobiłem przegląd powszechnie nauczanych technik pisania, szukając równowagi między szybkością, łatwością i czytelnością.




Z jakiegoś powodu zacząłem od średniowiecznej kursywy, która jest naprawdę schludną, ale powolną.




Spojrzałem na Spencerian, który ma być szybki i łatwy, ale było w nim coś co pachniało podstawówką, choć już nie uczą kaligrafii w szkołach.




Następnie obejrzałem serię filmów na YouTube, które doprowadziły mnie do Deklaracji Niepodległości, która została napisana w wariancie pisma o nazwie Copperplate (miedzioryt).




Nazywa się to miedziorytem z dwóch powodów, po pierwsze dlatego, że kaligrafia została wygrawerowana na miedzianych płytach używanych w procesie drukowania. Grawerowanie wykonano dłutami, które w naturalny sposób promowały długie ozdobne łuki.

Drugim powodem jest to, że absolutnie nie mogliśmy przyznać, że nasz dokument założycielski został napisany w "Angielskim" Roundhand (zaokrąglone pismo), jak go nazywano od co najmniej 1734 roku, kiedy zostało skatalogowane w druku.




Uważam, że English Roundhand (Copperplate) jest niezwykle stylowy, piękny, szybki i czytelny.



Algorytmy Google nie mają absolutnie żadnego problemu z odczytaniem tego, ponieważ Brytyjczycy mieli zwyczaj rejestrowania absolutnie wszystkiego za pomocą Roundhand przez co najmniej 400 lat.




Business Roundhand (ofisowe pismo), z uproszczonymi, zdrowo-rozsądkowymi znakami, jest dla mnie najbardziej atrakcyjne w codziennym robieniu notatek.




Ale to jest dalekie od końca tej historii, w rzeczywistości to dopiero początek.




Kilka weekendów temu postanowiłam uporządkować pudełka z moimi notatkami. Natknąłem się na mnóstwo listów z początku lat 90. Listy były datowane prawie codziennie! Czytanie ich było przyjemne, ponieważ pochodziły od moich dobrych przyjaciół, których zostawiłem w Europie, kiedy przeprowadziłem się do Stanów Zjednoczonych.




Zauważyłem również, że listy nagle się zatrzymały około 1997 roku, czyli mniej więcej wtedy, gdy zacząłem korzystać z poczty elektronicznej i mediów społecznościowych.

Problem w tym, że nie mam żadnego zapisu korespondencji przez co najmniej następne 15 lat! Miałem je wszystkie… BBS, ICQ, AOL, Yahoo!, MSN, Friendster, Skype i MySpace. a to tylko tyle co pamiętam. Facebook jeszcze żyje, ale jest mniej popularny wśród młodzieży.




Z drugiej strony dobrze napisane listy nie są czymś, co ludzie wyrzucają. W moim przypadku przetrwały 30 lat, wyglądając jak nowe, i mogą przetrwać znacznie dłużej, wystarczy przeczytać Jane Austen, 1817, w Projekcie Gutenberga.




W rzeczywistości w okresie renesansu ludzie codziennie pisali i otrzymywali listy. Rodzina, przyjaciele i naukowcy wszyscy pisali i większość z tego zachowała się do dnia dzisiejszego.




Zadałem sobie pytanie, jakie dziedzictwo otrzymają nasze następne pokolenia? Dostaną opublikowane książki, o tych osobach, które były opisane. O nas samych nic. Smutno.




Moje i ich dzieci mogą pamiętać, że byłem inżynierem, który próbował sprawić, by samochody jeździły same. Ale co z moimi uczuciami, co z moimi niezliczonymi, szalonymi zainteresowaniami? Nic nie byłoby.




Wiec dlaczego mielibyśmy wracać do wiecznego pióra na ozdobnym papierze? Po prostu wydrukuj e-maile lub czaty, a będziesz mieć to samo. No, nie do końca.

„Ily” (I love you), „xo xo” (uściski i całusy) itp.,

nie są zbyt dobrym substytutem dobrego listu lub wiersza.




Wspomniałem o renesansie, chciałbym podzielić się cytatem, który znalazłem podczas poszukiwania tematu…




„Renesans musiał być niewygodnym, choć niezwykle ekscytującym okresem do życia.

Jednak właśnie te napięcia wywołały wylew twórczej energii, jakiego świat nigdy wcześniej nie doświadczył.

Zasadniczym paradoksem jest to, że chęć powrotu do klasyki opartej na odrzuceniu średniowiecza przyniosła nowej epoce nie odrodzenie starożytności, ale narodziny współczesnego człowieka”




"Historia sztuki. Część III. Renesans". HH Janson 1968




Ten cytat jest poruszający.




Powolny, przemyślany proces pisania piórem jest kreatywny i przy pewnym wysiłku także piękny. Ręczne pisanie pierwszej i drugiej wersji roboczej czyni cuda dla Twojej pamięci. Pisanie listów do przyjaciół i współpracowników pozostawia trwały ślad.




Zapytałem już kilku znajomych: „Czy mogę do ciebie napisać?”

Jestem gotów spróbować i mam nadzieję, że ty też to zrobisz.




Prześlij mi swoje przemyślenia na LinkedIn, link poniżej

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ukidlucas/

lub dobrą, staroświecką pocztą.

To drugie docenię znacznie bardziej!







Z szacunkiem,




Uki D. Lucas


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Scuba

 




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Reading scientific pages on Kindle

When reading science (math) pages, the large screen (2K or 4K) is the best,
but I would like to have the whole library of papers in my pocket on Kindle.

I can send via email a PDF of any page to Kindle, but the PDF reading on a small Kindle device is awful. 

The same on Kindle Scribe might be a bit better, but in the end, I want font-scalable ePub.

Let's take an example from the following Wikipedia page as it has nice mathematics:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system


Pretty much every tool I have tried does convert HTML but fails to convert the math,

in-line LaTEX math seems to work fine, 



but the vector-graphic .svg does not:




I do have to consider that MAYBE it is the viewer that does not display Vector Graphics (.svg)!

Here is a list of tools I have tried:

WebToEpub Chrome extension

  • Shows tables nicely
  • shows images nicely
  • converts LaTEX math YES
  • SVG NO, shows them as "?", it might be the viewer's problem, I tried a few
    • Calibre E-book viewer
    • Kindle 7-inch 2022
    • Apple Books
    • Apple Preview - does not open ePub

EpubPress

  • Creates a table of Contents with each Web page included, useless if converting a single page
  • fails to convert table borders
  • converts LaTEX fine
  • drops (does not display) the Vector Graphics (.svg) 

dotEpub

  • in the non-immerse mode, you can view the first few images only
  • results in an error on Apple books
  • fails to convert table borders
  • converts LaTEX math YES
  • on Kindle: SPELLS OUT the SVG formula, not good.
  • in Calibre E-book viewer shows SVG nicely!


Summary 

  1. Use print-to-PDF and view it in MacOS Preview on a big screen
  2. If you read a long MATH and NO-image page, use dotEpub and read in the Calibre E-book viewer
  3. If you want images, but you do not care for SVG math, WebTOEpub is best.
Sorry, no winning here.


View Kindle Scribe on Amazon: https://amzn.to/4db51Q7


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Boatbuilding

 https://www.nwswb.edu/





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47-foot Buzzards Bay 30 yacht by Herreshoff

The Aria, HMCo. #566 is a 47-foot Buzzards Bay 30 yacht built in 1902 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company of Bristol, Rhode Island. 

The Beverly, Massachusetts Yacht Club ordered the yachts, which were raced as a class. 

The Buzzards Bay 30 class was built to the exact specifications, allowing owners to race in evenly matched boats.

Credits:


The Buzzards Bay 30 class, designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff and introduced in 1902, originally consisted of a fleet of yachts built for members of the Beverly Yacht Club and the New York Yacht Club. These yachts were named primarily after native American tribes, following the tradition of the time. Here are the names of the original Buzzards Bay 30s:

1. Quissett
2. Baboon
3. Wamsutta
4. Papoose
5. Mantou
6. Tattler
7. Bonito
8. Nimrod
9. Tango
10. Yucca

Over the years, the fleet has seen changes including restorations, and possibly, name changes for individual boats. Some of these boats have been meticulously restored and are still sailing or displayed, showcasing the timeless design and craftsmanship of Herreshoff. These classic yachts are celebrated for their beauty, performance, and the pivotal role they played in American yachting history.






Q: What distinguishes the Buzzards Bay 30 design by Herreshoff?

A: The Buzzards Bay 30, designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, is a classic sloop that embodies the pinnacle of early 20th-century yacht design, renowned for its elegance, performance, and craftsmanship. Characterized by a sleek, overhanging bow and stern, a relatively narrow beam, and a full keel with a cutaway forefoot, this design optimizes both speed and seaworthiness. The yacht’s rig is a gaff cutter setup, which, combined with its hull design, allows for remarkable upwind performance and stability in a wide range of conditions. The Buzzards Bay 30 also features a spacious and well-appointed cockpit and cabin, making it suitable for both racing and cruising.

Q: How does the Buzzards Bay 30’s design reflect Herreshoff’s design philosophy?

A: The Buzzards Bay 30 reflects Nathanael Herreshoff’s design philosophy, which emphasizes efficiency, simplicity, and elegance. Herreshoff’s approach to yacht design often involved minimizing superfluous decoration while maximizing performance and functionality. The Buzzards Bay 30’s hull shape, with its fine entry and balanced proportions, demonstrates his mastery in creating vessels that are both fast and sea-kindly. The use of high-quality materials and attention to detail in construction further showcase his commitment to excellence and innovation in yacht design.

Q: For what conditions and purposes was the Buzzards Bay 30 optimized?

A: The Buzzards Bay 30 was optimized for the variable wind and sea conditions typical of New England waters, particularly those found in and around Buzzards Bay. Its design is well-suited for coastal cruising and club racing, offering a balanced blend of speed, handling, and comfort. The cutaway keel and efficient rigging system allow it to excel in upwind performance and maneuverability, while its sturdy construction and full keel provide safety and stability in rougher seas. This makes the Buzzards Bay 30 versatile, capable of competitive racing as well as leisurely cruising in a variety of sea states.

Q: What legacy has the Buzzards Bay 30 left in yacht design and sailing?

A: The Buzzards Bay 30 has left a lasting legacy in yacht design and sailing as a quintessential example of classic American yacht design. Its influence can be seen in the emphasis on clean lines, performance-oriented hulls, and efficient rigging in later yacht designs. The yacht is also celebrated for its beauty and timeless appeal, inspiring a renewed interest in classic yacht restoration and preservation. The Buzzards Bay 30 represents a bridge between the utilitarian workboats of the past and the modern leisure sailing vessels, embodying a balance of form and function that continues to inspire admiration and study among yacht designers and sailors alike.




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Herreshoff

 

















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Herreshoff

 




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Laminated hardwood boat stem

 A great example of how to go from the design drawing to the lofting table, to a holding rig to the strong and accurate boat stem in 24 hours. Great explanation!




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Victoria

 




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CUDA GPU Concurrent (parallel) Programming

C, C++, and Python 3 code running asynchronously using

  • threads
  • queues
  • other concurrent programming techniques
Relevance
  • CUDA
  • OpenCL
  • Metal
  • OpenAcc
  • PyCUDA
  • jCuda
Hardware:
  • AMD
  • Apple
  • FPGA
  • multi-core CPUs

Pitfalls of Concurrent Programming

  • race conditions
    • the expected order of thread operations is not followed
  • resource contention
    • two or more threads attempt to modify the same memory
  • deadlock
    • one or more processes are blocked by waiting for a resource
  • live locks
    • two or more processes are stuck in a loop, but cannot finish while waiting for resources
  • resource over-utilization
    • too few or too many threads, context switching
    • memory required is too large
    • memory changes too often
  • resource under-utilization
    • sitting idle


Semaphore, for all intents and purposes, is an atomic variable that has more than one thread requiring it, which means that a predefined number of threads can use the semaphore to enter a critical section of code. 
A lock is the more restrictive parent asynchronous mechanism for a single thread to enter a critical section of code. Thus a semaphore is a more relaxed form of lock.


Concurrent Programming Algorithms

  • Dining Philosophers
    • multiple processes require the same resources to complete their jobs
  • Producer-Consumer
    • consumers need to read the data
      • in order
      • no duplication
    • Producers add data in order it needs to be processed
  • Sleeping Barber
    • customers are waiting
    • single barber
    • if the barber is sleeping customer should wake him
    • If there is no space in the queue, customers are not added
  • Data and Code Synchronization


References




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FPGA

FPGA = Field Programmable Field Arrays

FPGA is not DSP processor, but add flexibility

ASIC = Application Specific Integrated Circuit


FPGA is used for designing microchip ASIC (i.e.  DSP, CPU, TPU)


Please see the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVy4KEj9kZg&

The Augustus De Morgan law states that 

All digital logic design is created by using..

  • AND gate
  • OR gate 
  • NOT inverter




Image from Intel Technology: Architecture All Access: Modern FPGA Architecture


What is a clock?


A clock (or a square wave) is a signal that raises (ON) and falls (OFF) at the set frequency. 
The time between raises is called a period and it is constant.



What is a Flip Flop?

A digital flip flop (DFF) is a storage device that can be created by the fore-mentioned gates. 
The data IN input is captured only when the clock signal raises and it is stored as output OUT.
The value will not be replaced in OUT until the clock raises again.

What is LUT?


A LUT is a Lookup Table, built with Flip Flops, that allows logic to be programmed.
We create is by populating outputs of the logic functions for some number of input variables into a specific number of memory locations which we call LUT masks.
We set multiplexers to operate using a Truth Table.  See image below:





Images from Intel Technology: Architecture All Access: Modern FPGA Architecture t=342s


What is ALM?


An ALM is an Adaptive Logic Module or Configurable Logic Block 
which are composed of Adaptive LUT, Full Adders, and DFF.


What is Programmable Routing & Interconnect?

This is a programmable one-way wiring between logic blocks.
You buy FPGA for logic, but you pay for routing.



Which programming languages do we use for FPGA?


  • Data Parallel C++ using oneAPI
  • VHDL
  • Verilog

How to Begin a Simple FPGA Design






Topics to describe in the future


  • Oscillator
  • Integrator (scaled accumulator)
  • low-pass filters
  • LSB
  • comb filters
    • highly modified FIR filter
    • self-contained and can work in isolation
  • CIC FIlter
  • IIR Filter
  • Elliptic filter
  • Chebyshev Type II filter
  • Bessel filter
  • Butterworth filter
  • Parallel BiQuad IIR FIlter
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • Mac filters
  • transpose filters
  • Fast Furrier Transform FFT
    • Jean Baptiste Fourier 1807
    • any period signal could be made by adding together a series of pure tones
      • square ~= sine() + 1/3 + 1/5 + 1/7 + ...
  • ping-pong buffers
    • write to one while processing another one
    • uses twice as much memory
  • Windowing
  • FFT, recall DFT
  • Single Cycle Butterfly
  • RADIX-2 or RADIX-4 butterfly
Datapath vs Post Process
  • In datapath 
    • Each pixel/point delayed by X lines 
    • Frame buffers
    • Line buffers
    • filter operations
    • Camera pipeline
      • image sensor
      • image processing
      • video processing
      • compression
      • I/O
  • Stored Image - no delays
  • Interlaced
  • Progressive
Video Formats
  • SD 4:3 720x480i (interlaced)
  • SD 16:9 960x480p (progressive)
  • HD 720p 1280x720p  60fps
  • HD 1920x1080p
  • YUV - color video on black and white display
  • OSD on-screen display
  • PIP picture-in-picture
  • VDMA - video-specialized version of DMA
  • AXI interface in Xilings 
  • Motion Adaptive Noise Reduction (MANR) 
  • Xilinx FPGA has hardware acceleration for Object Segmentation for video, but it might be used for range image
  • Defective Pixel Correction
  • edge-adaptive image correction (not perfect) 
  • pixel adaptive, 
  • color correction 
    • D65 - daylight
    • 3x3 matrix correction
  • gamma correction
    • non-linear image brightness
    • LUT
    • better contrast
  • lens control
    • focus
    • auto-focus 
      • passive, looks for edges 
      • active, emits IR signal to gauge distance in the center of the lense
    • auto-exposure
    • auto-white balance












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IR vision

Color Spectrum

As we all know, the regular day-light cameras operate in 3 colors, Red, Green, and Blue (RGB). The choice of these colors is dictated by what the human eye can recognize. Some animals can see, or sense, other colors, from ultraviolet for bees to infrared for vipers.

The computer, however, does not have any limitation and it can "see" in a full wavelength spectrum, provided the right sensors. 

Far Infrared

In this article, we will focus on infrared (IR), and specifically far-infrared (FIR), or long-wave infrared (LWIR). 

The infrared spectrum is especially interesting because it is equivalent to the heat emitted that contrasts with the surrounding environment.

The examples of the objects visible in the infrared are:
- people 
- animals
- car engines
- heaters and chimneys
- hot fluid and gas leaks
- and anything that is hotter than the surroundings

It is also worth noting that some objects, especially metal conductors can be "seen" as colder than the surrounding as they dissipate any local heat.

Not just the night vision

Many people think that infrared equates to the night vision, but that is not necessarily the truth. In the daylight, a well-camouflaged animal is equally well visible at night as in the daylight using an infrared camera.

The RGB + FIR systems.

The combination of visible light (RGB) and heat-sensing (IR) is especially useful as RGB allows us to perceive the shapes of things like terrain, vegetation, and other objects and the IR allows us to spot the people, animals and other head-emitting objects.


Practical applications

The primary goal for my research is automotive safely, detecting pedestrians and large animals may significantly reduce the number of accidents. 
As a personal anecdote, I would like to bring the observation, that in Michigan where I live, there is at least one deer collision for every 50 km (or miles) traveled. This observation is obvious for anyone who travels "Up North" on weekends.

The deer, moose, bear, elk, antelope, wolf, coyote, raccoon, and many smaller animals are very difficult to detect for humans, especially at dawn or dusk in poor visibility resulting in catastrophic and gruesome collisions.

Obviously, the RGB + IR has other uses, such as search and rescue - the military and other organizations have developed this technology for decades.


Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

  • MFNet
  • RTFNet
  • PST900: dual-stream (RGB and IR) method 


Representative Data Collection

You can train the machine models on a relatively modest dataset, but in order for it to generalize well, the data-sets have to be vast and representative. 

At this time, the open-source datasets are rare and of limited purpose as the training should be performed on a dataset taken with a specific and calibrated hardware.

Data Annotation
The collected data has to be annotated, usually by humans, in order to train and validate the results.


The biggest part of the effort
By far collecting the data sets is the most time consuming and expensive part of the effort.










REFERENCES:


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Aikido, terminology and etiquette

Aikido 合気道 

あいきどう

compiled by
Uki 宇氣
うき



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Amazon

 













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My favorite quotations..


“A man should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.”  by Robert A. Heinlein

"We are but habits and memories we chose to carry along." ~ Uki D. Lucas


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